SOVEREIGNTY AS A CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENT OF THE STATE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN LIGHT OF THE U.S. 2026 INTERVENTION IN VENEZUELA

Autores

Palavras-chave:

International Law, Domestic Law, Selective Sovereignty

Resumo

Numerous theories have been developed to analyse the relationship between International Law and Domestic Law, as well as to determine which of these legal orders should prevail in the event of conflict. The opposition between monist and dualist approaches is particularly emblematic. However, neither framework adequately reflects contemporary state practice. The significant transformations that International Law has undergone in recent decades have led to a process of relativisation of sovereignty. In this context, the military intervention in Venezuela and the capture of President Nicolás Maduro can be characterized as the selective application of international law by hegemonic states, redefining (il)legality in accordance with their geopolitical interests.

Biografia do Autor

Lucília Napoleão Barros, International Law and Geopolitics Analyst, based in Cyprus.

Master and PhD in Legal and Political Sciences (Faculty of Law, University of Coimbra). International Law and Geopolitics Analyst, based in Cyprus.

Referências

BOSON, Gerson de Britto Mello. Direito Internacional Público: o Estado em Direito das Gentes. 3. ed. Belo Horizonte: Del Rey, 2000.

BROWNLIE, Ian. Princípios de direito internacional público. Tradução de Maria Manuela Farrajota et al. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1997.

DINH, Nguyen Quoc; DAILLIER, Patrick; PELLET, Alain. Direito Internacional Público. Tradução de Vítor Marques Coelho. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2003.

HENKIN, Louis. International Law: Politics and Values. Dordrecht; Boston; London: Martinus Nijhoff, 1995. v. 18.

IKENBERRY, G. John. The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, [s. l.], v. 94, n. 1, p. 7-23, jan. 2018. Disponível em: doi.org. . Acesso em: 22 maio 2024.

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS. Iran/United States/Israel: unlawful attacks must cease. Genebra, 1 mar. 2026. Disponível em: <https://www.icj.org/iranunited-states-israel-unlawful-attacks-must-cease/>. Acesso em: 17 mar. 2026.

KUMM, Mattias. The legitimacy of International Law: a constitutionalist framework of analysis. European Journal of International Law, Oxford, v. 15, n. 5, p. 907-931, 2004.

LITRENTO, Oliveiros. Curso de Direito Internacional Público. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 1997.

MACHADO, Jónatas E. M. Direito Internacional: do paradigma clássico ao pós-11 de setembro. 2. ed. Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, 2004.

MALANCZUK, Peter. Akehurst's modern introduction to international law. 7. ed. London: Routledge, 2000.

MARTÍN, Araceli Mangas. La Recepción del Derecho Internacional por los Ordenamientos Internos. In: VELASCO, Manuel Diez de. Instituciones de derecho internacional público. 12. ed. Madrid: Editorial Tecnos, 1999. p. 196-197.

MATTEI, Roberto de. A soberania necessária: reflexões sobre a crise do Estado moderno. Tradução de Maria Delfina de Almeida Vasconcelos. Porto: Civilização, 2002.

MILANOVIC, Marko. Some further thoughts on the illegal US attack on Venezuela: self-defence, cyber, and continuing coercion. EJIL: Talk!, 7 jan. 2026. Disponível em: https://www.ejiltalk.org/some-further-thoughts-on-the-illegal-us-attack-on-venezuelaself-defence-cyber-and-continuing-coercion/ . Acesso em: 25 mar. 2026.

MELO, Milena Barbosa de. Direito internacional do mar. Campinas: Servanda, 2012.

MIRANDA, Napoleão. Globalização, Soberania Nacional e Direito Internacional. Revista CEJ, Brasília, n. 27, p. 86-94, out./dez. 2004.

NÓBREGA, Jair Rodrigues. Noção de soberania à luz do direito internacional do desenvolvimento. Prim@ Facie, [s. l.], ano 1, n. 1, jul./dez. 2002. Disponível em: <http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/primafacie/article/viewFile/4295/3245>. Acesso em: 10 maio 2013.

RIDRUEJO, José Antonio Pastor. Curso de Derecho Internacional Pùblico y Organizaciones Internacionales. 9. ed. Madri: Tecnos, 2003.

RIGAUX, François. Hans Kelsen on International law. European Journal of International Law, [s. l.], v. 9, p. 325-343, 1998.

SABATINI, Christopher; LUTSEVYCH, Orysia. US to ‘run’ Venezuela after Maduro captured, says Trump: early analysis from Chatham House experts. Chatham House, [s. l.], 2026. Disponível em: <https://www.chathamhouse.org/2026/01/us-attacksvenezuela-and-maduro-captured-early-analysis-chatham-house-experts>. Acesso em: 21 mar. 2026.

SALGADO, Tiago Santos. O sequestro de Maduro e a permanência do imperialismo na América Latina. Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil, [s. l.], 7 jan. 2026. Disponível em: <https://diplomatique.org.br/o-sequestro-de-maduro-e-a-permanencia-doimperialismo-na-america-latina/>. Acesso em: 21 mar. 2026.

SIEGHART, Paul. The International Law of Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.

STEPANSKY, Joseph. ‘Remote coercion’: What has US approach been since abduction of Maduro? Al Jazeera, 24 jan. 2026. Disponível em:

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/1/24/remote-coercion-what-has-us-approachbeen-since-abduction-of-maduro. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2026.

TADEO, Maria. A UE apela ao respeito pelo direito internacional, enquanto Trump permanece vago sobre o plano de transição para a Venezuela. Euro News, [s. l.], 4 jan. 2026. Disponível em: <https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/01/04/eucalls-for-respect-of-international-law-as-trump-remains-vague-on-venezuelantransition->. Acesso em: 21 mar. 2026.

TEBOUL, Gerard. Ordre juridique international et ordre juridique interne: quelques réflexions sur la jurisprudence du juge administratif. Revue du Droit Public et de la Science Politique en France et à l'Étranger, Paris, n. 3, p. 697-718, maio/jun. 1999.

UNIÃO EUROPEIA. European External Action Service. Venezuela: statement by the High Representative on the aftermath of the U.S. intervention in Venezuela. Brussels: EEAS Press Team, 4 jan. 2026. Disponível em: <https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/venezuela-statement-high-representative

aftermath-us-intervention-venezuela_en>. Acesso em: 21 mar. 2026.

VÁZQUEZ, Maria José de Carlos. Aproximación al concepto de soberania en el marco de las relaciones internacionales. Saberes: Revista de estudios jurídicos, económicos y sociales, Madrid, v. 1, p. 1-20, 2003.

Downloads

Publicado

07-04-2026

Edição

Seção

Literatura Estrangeira/International Literature